Electrolytic and Oxidative Stress Profile of Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients in Cameroon: The Effect of Some Extrinsic Factors

Sickle cell anaemia is a hereditary blood disease characterized by the presence of haemoglobin S in red blood cells. It affects over 2 million people in Cameroon. Haemoglobin S can induce the oxidative stress and changes in electrolyte level in patients. The aim of this study was to measure the serum electrolytes Ca, Mg, K, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se and certain stress markers (Malondialdehyde , FRAP and catalase) in sickle cell patients.

Forty SS patients and forty AA individuals (control) were selected and given questionnaires to gather information on their demographic characteristics, health states and eating habits. The Ca, Mg, K, P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se elements as well as certain stress markers were assessed in their serum using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry and colorimetric methods respectively.

The results obtained showed that SS patients present a deficiency in micronutrients and a high state of stress. The regular consumption of foods such as fish, milk and rice by sickle cell patients significantly increased the normal rate of electrolytes. On the contrary, hyperthermia, intense sport and alcohol consumption lowered their normal rate.

Conclusively, the assessment of electrolyte levels and oxidative stress should be taken into consideration in the management of sickle cell disease.