Periostin: A Potential Biomarker for Periodontitis

Background: Periostin is among the most important extracellular matrix proteins, that seems to play a role in the healing of periodontal defects as a modulator of periodontal ligament (PDL) hemostasis. This study aims to review the available literature on this protein and its role in the healing of periodontal defects.

Methods: An electronic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords “periostin”, “gingival crevicular fluid”, “saliva” and “periodontitis”.

Results: Periostin, as an extracellular matrix protein, was found to play a key role as a modulator of critical cellular interactions in disease conditions. It is necessary for tissue integrity and plays a critical role in wound healing.

Conclusion: The role of periostin in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and signalling to maintain hemostasis has yet to be identified. Further studies are warranted in this respect.