Risk Factors Which Lead to Development of Senile Cataract: A Review

Maturing processes, including those brought about by various outside factors, have stood out for researchers throughout the last years. Senile cataract is a multifactorial illness. The expense of surgery of cataract medical procedures stays among the highest costing procedures in general public healthcare. Age is an essential element that causes senile cataract morbidity, which double ten every ten years. This article considers some sources which portray research results on impact on cataract development by risk factors like age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes (pancreatic), usage of specific drugs, various environmental aspects, including ultraviolet and ionizing radiation; many of which are shown to cause increment or decrease the risk of senile cataract; there is clashing information on specific factors. Depending on etiology, experts spot senile, congenital, traumatic, complicated, and occupational cataracts. Senile cataract (hereafter referred to as “cataract”) is the most prevalent. The layout also contains quantitative data of cataracts and risk, given through odds ratio and advance because of age, alcohol consumption, ionizing radiation, etc. The researchers also express that there is still no finding on whether the dose-effect relationship for cataract evolvement is a non-threshold or threshold. Surgical procedures are the only treatment available. The surgical procedure usually needs less than an hour. The surgeon makes a small incision in the sclera or limbus of the eye, sometimes with a laser. A small tool is put in to break up the cataract and gently suction it out through the opening created. Then they put in the new lens, made of plastic, silicone, or acrylic, and close the incision. Surgical procedures namely phacoemulsification and minor incision cataract surgery (SICS) are widely used for cataract surgeries; the former is the latest development in cataract surgeries and is less time-consuming. If both eyes are affected, two surgeries are done separately.