Prospects of Synthetic Biology in the Actualization of Green Chemistry and Environmental Solutions

Synthetic biology (SynBio) is an emerging field of endeavor that uses modular and replaceable biological parts or devices in standard chassis, or whole organisms to generate intended and programmed outputs that can be quantified and optimized until they meet the desired efficiency. As a result, SynBio is becoming increasingly popular for addressing critical global challenges such as the bioremediation of recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants in the environments and the reduction in emission of toxic waste from industrial processes. Although synthetic chemistry and the chemical industry have greatly enhanced the quality of life of the human race, they have also caused significant detrimental effects in terms of pollution, toxic waste emissions, and public health endangerment. SynBio technology has now found application in the bioremediation of polluted environments and to actualize previously unfeasible industrial outcomes and green chemistry. This study elucidates the innovative applications of SynBio concepts in the bioremediation of polluted environments, the actualization of eco-friendly industrial operations, and the realization of green chemistry principles. We also explore SynBio-based strategies for minimizing toxic waste emission and energy consumption, while simultaneously enhancing the production of value-added industrial products from renewable feedstocks, industrial wastes, and greenhouse gasses. Several ethical and safety concerns and regulatory framework required to ensure the responsible application of SynBio technology were also reviewed. By unearthing the propitious potential of SynBio in biotechnology, sustainable development, and green chemistry, this study aims to afford insights into the future directions of SynBio technology and its potential impact on various sectors, from industry to environment.