Knowledge, Attitude and Usage of Female Oral Contraceptive Pills among Female Hawkers in the Central Business District, Kumasi, Ghana

Background: The use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) can prevent pregnancy and improve menstrual health. Their effectiveness, ease of use, and reversibility make them a preferred choice. Accessible birth control options for all individuals, regardless of age or finances, is crucial. Understanding cultural attitudes and usage patterns of contraceptives is vital for effective reproductive health care, including emergency contraception options.

Aims: This study evaluated the awareness, perceptions, and usage of oral contraceptives among women (female hawkers) in the central business district of the Kumasi Metropolis.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Central Business District (CBD) of Kumasi Metropolis encompassing the following areas: Adum Shopping Centre, Kejetia lorry station and Central market between the periods of 15th December 2023 and 12th April 2024.

Methodology: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to evaluate knowledge, attitude and the use of the common female oral contraceptive pills among female street hawkers in Kumasi’s CBD. A semi-structured face-to-face interview technique was utilized. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel software (2016).

Results: The study surveyed 114 participants, with 91.67% below 40 years of age. Most were single (66%), and 30% were married. Over half (54.7%) had used oral contraceptives, while 41.3% had not. Among users, 79% followed the instructions for use as directed by a healthcare professional, but 21% did not. A third (33.3%) reported contraceptive failure, whereas two-thirds (66.7%) did not. A majority (85.2%) believed in a link between contraceptive use and infertility. Usage time of OCP varied as 28.8% used before, 5% during, and 65% after intercourse.

Conclusion: Majority of the respondents were found not to choose oral contraception as their means of contraception and those who chose it had limited knowledge about its usage and thus influenced compliance and adherence greatly.