Quantitative Analysis and Comparative Review of Dividend Policy Dynamics within the Banking Sector: Insights from Global and U.S. Financial Data and Existing Literature

This paper presents a comparative review of academic research on dividend policies and payments within the banking sector. Dividends represent a critical area of focus due to their implications for bank capital levels, profitability, regulatory compliance, and investor signaling. The literature reviewed spans pre- and post-2008 financial crisis periods and adopts both global and emerging market perspectives. Methodologies include regression analyses, causality tests, descriptive statistics, and financial ratio computations based on regulatory filings, financial statements, and market data datasets. Key findings demonstrate the multifaceted nature of bank dividend strategies, differences across countries, shifts during crises, and complex interplays with financial health metrics. The studies find evidence that dividends provide valuable signals to investors on earnings prospects, aligning with signaling theories. However, interpreting crisis-induced behaviors warrants caution due to short-term deviations. Opportunities exist for further analysis of cross-country variances, crisis responses, and linkages to bank stability. This comparative review enhances academic comprehension of bank dividend policies' motivations, outcomes, and determinants. It highlights the need for judicious balancing of stakeholder demands for returns and growth, an increasingly crucial endeavor amidst global uncertainty.