Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops by Molecular Markers: A Review

Abiotic stressors include things like heat, cold, drought, and salt that plants have to withstand. These are the main and ongoing agricultural challenges that lower crop production. In the end, modifications to components, nutrient control, and biosynthetic ability hinder or even stop plant development. Stress is an environmental factor that, in terms of genetics, prevents full genetic expression. These markers are divided into many types based on their intended use: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are a great tool for determining stress tolerance, but RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers are useful for identifying and screening hybrids based on salinity and drought stress resistance. These markers are also necessary for the QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) mapping of genes linked to stress. These ancestor genes control the production of dehydrins and saltol in response to dryness and salinity, respectively. DNA markers enable the use of innovative approaches and marker modification in marker-assisted breeding to increase tolerance to abiotic stress.