Comparative Quality Traits of Apis mellifera L. Queens Raised through Standard Queen Rearing Methods in the Spring Breeding Season

The present investigations were undertaken to assess the quality traits of Apis mellifera L. queens raised through standard queen rearing methods namely Doolittle, Miller, Smith and Swarming instinct during the spring breeding season, 2016-17 at the experimental apiary located at CSK HPKV, Bee Research Station, Nagrota Bagwan, Himachal Pradesh. A fixed number (n = 24) and age (≤ 24 hours) of either larvae (Doolittle) or eggs (Miller and Smith) were used to rear the queen cells. The significantly highest acceptance was recorded for Doolittle method (13.50 ± 1.44; 56.25%) followed by Miller method (11.25 ± 1.31; 46.88%) while the acceptance was least for the Smith method (10.25 ± 1.31; 42.71%). The maximum number of sealed queen cells/colony (9.00 ± 1.22) and neonate queens/colony (6.00 ± 0.91) was also witnessed in the Doolittle method followed by the Miller method (8.00 ± 1.08 sealed queen cells/colony; 4.25 ± 0.85 queens/colony) and Smith method (7.75 ± 0.85 queen cells/colony; 2.75 ± 0.62 queens/colony). The Doolittle method also produced the largest queen cells (25.86 ± 0.89 mm × 12.11 ± 0.23 mm) followed by the Miller method (25.00 ± 0.33 mm × 11.93 ± 0.44 mm), whereas the smallest queen cells (21.12 ± 0.24 mm × 10.23 ± 0.75 mm) were witnessed in the colonies with swarming instinct. The newly emerged queens from Doolittle, Miller, swarming instinct and Smith method had the mean body weights of 201.75 ± 10.06, 191.00 ± 8.82, 186.75 ± 6.54 and 184.00 ± 7.73 mg, respectively. The queens raised using the Doolittle method, initiated egg laying 3-4 days earlier (18.75 ± 0.48 days) compared to other methods (22.00 ± 0.41 days in Miller; 22.25 ± 0.48 days in Smith and 22.50 ± 0.87 days in swarming instinct method). Overall, the Doolittle method produced the highest quality queens and Miller method was the next best alternate. It is thus advocated to use the Doolittle method for mass rearing of high-quality queens on a commercial scale.